AI Frontier Institute

Providing for the establishment of standards, protections and transparency of artificial intelligence frameworks developed by frontier developers; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency and the Attorney General; and imposing penalties.

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House Bill 2829 (Pennsylvania, 2026) is in the House Communications and Technology Committee and has not been enacted. If enacted, it would be the Frontier Artificial Intelligence Safety, Transparency and Accountability Act (Section 101). It would apply only to "frontier models" developed, deployed or operating wholly or partly in Pennsylvania (Section 103). A frontier model is a foundation model trained with more than 10^26 operations (Section 102). It would not bar lawful AI research or burden developers of non-frontier models (Section 103). The Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA) would administer the act with the Attorney General and others (Section 104(a)). Large frontier developers (those with more than $500 million in annual revenue with affiliates) would have to do the following: - From January 1, 2028, file an annual disclosure statement with PEMA and pay a pro rata administrative fee. They would face civil penalties of $1,000 per day for failing to file or correct false information (Section 104(b)-(d)). PEMA would publish a list of these developers (Section 104(e)). - Write, follow, publish and annually review a frontier AI framework for assessing and mitigating catastrophic risk (Sections 501 and 503). A catastrophic risk is one that could cause more than 50 deaths or serious injuries, or more than $1 billion in property damage (Section 102). The developer would send the framework to PEMA and the Attorney General and keep records (Section 502). - Retain an independent third-party auditor each year and publish a summary and redacted report (Section 504). - Send PEMA summaries of internal-use catastrophic risk assessments (Section 505). - Not deploy a model if deployment would create an unreasonable risk of such catastrophic harm (Section 506). All frontier developers would have to publish a transparency report when they deploy a new or substantially modified model (Section 701). Large developers would add summaries of their risk assessments in machine-readable format (Section 701(b)). Developers would have to report critical safety incidents to PEMA and the Attorney General within 72 hours, or within 24 hours to appropriate authorities if there is an imminent risk of death or serious injury. PEMA would set up a reporting mechanism, and those reports would be exempt from the Right-to-Know Law (Section 702). Starting January 1, 2029, PEMA would issue annual reports to the General Assembly and the Governor (Section 703). Other provisions: - Developers could declare compliance through designated equivalent federal standards (Section 1101). - Developers could redact trade secrets and security-sensitive information (Section 1102). - Covered employees would have whistleblower protections, and large developers would have to offer an anonymous internal reporting process (Section 1103). - Knowingly false or misleading statements would be prohibited (Section 1104). - The Attorney General could seek civil penalties of up to $1,000,000 for a first violation and up to $3,000,000 for each later violation. Injunctive and declaratory relief would also be available. There would be no private right of action (Section 1105). - The act's duties would be cumulative with other law (Section 1106). - Local governments could not specifically regulate frontier models (Section 1107). - PEMA could issue regulations (Section 1108). - A developer that first qualifies as a large frontier developer would have 90 days to comply with Chapter 5 (Section 1109). - The act would take effect January 1, 2028 (Section 1110).

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